What is ADHD?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects both children and adults. It is characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can interfere with daily functioning, relationships, and overall well-being. ADHD manifests differently from person to person, with some individuals displaying predominantly inattentive behaviours, while others may be more hyperactive-impulsive, or a combination of both.

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While ADHD is often first identified in childhood, many individuals continue to experience symptoms into adulthood, with the condition often affecting various aspects of life, including academic performance, work, and social interactions.

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Common Symptoms of ADHD:

• Inattention: Difficulty focusing, following instructions, organising tasks, or completing work. Individuals may appear forgetful, easily distracted, or frequently lose items.

• Hyperactivity: Restlessness, fidgeting, or an inability to stay seated. Children may seem constantly 'on the go', while adults may experience feelings of internal restlessness.

• Impulsivity: Difficulty waiting or taking turns, interrupting conversations, or acting without considering the consequences.

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How is ADHD Diagnosed in the UK?

The process of diagnosing ADHD in the UK is rigorous and follows guidelines set out by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Diagnosis can take place at any age, but the approach differs slightly between children and adults.

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Diagnosis for Children:

1. Referral: If a parent, teacher, or healthcare professional suspects a child may have ADHD, they will typically be referred to a specialist such as a paediatrician, a child psychologist, or a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) team.

2. Assessment: The assessment process for children involves multiple stages. Parents and teachers may be asked to complete behaviour rating scales, such as the Conners Rating Scale or the Brown’s Scale, to provide insight into the child's behaviour across different settings. The clinician may also observe the child and gather developmental history.

3. Diagnostic Criteria: A formal diagnosis is based on the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) criteria, which outline specific behaviours that must be present for at least six months and in more than one setting (e.g., home and school). Symptoms must be evident before the age of 12 and cause significant impairment in the child's life.

4. Additional Tools: In some cases, objective tools like the QB Test, a computer-based assessment, may be used to measure attention, impulsivity, and activity levels.

5. Multidisciplinary Approach: In many cases, a multidisciplinary team (MDT), including paediatricians, psychologists, and speech and language therapists, will review the evidence before confirming the diagnosis.

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Diagnosis for Adults:

1. Referral: Adults who suspect they may have ADHD can be referred by their GP to a specialist, such as a psychiatrist or an ADHD clinic. Increasingly, private assessments are also available for adults who seek a quicker diagnosis.

2. Assessment: For adults, the assessment usually involves a detailed interview and self-report scales, such as the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Clinicians will review developmental history, focusing on whether symptoms were present in childhood but perhaps went undiagnosed.

3. DSM-5 Criteria: Similar to children, adults must meet the DSM-5 criteria for ADHD, and symptoms must cause significant impairment in daily life. The diagnosis will focus on areas such as work performance, relationships, and day-to-day functioning.

4. Objective Testing: Like with children, some adults may be offered the QB Test or similar tools to measure cognitive and behavioural aspects of ADHD.

5. Multidisciplinary Review: A team of professionals, including psychiatrists, psychologists, and occupational therapists, may review the case to confirm the diagnosis.

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After Diagnosis – What’s Next?

Following a diagnosis, a treatment plan will be developed, which may include:

• Psychoeducation: Providing the individual and their family with a better understanding of ADHD and how to manage symptoms.

• Behavioural Interventions: Strategies for managing impulsivity, improving focus, and developing organisational skills.

• Medication: In some cases, medication such as stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate) or non-stimulants (e.g., atomoxetine) may be prescribed. However, this is typically recommended only after other interventions have been explored, especially for children.

• Support: Ongoing support, including therapy, coaching, and group sessions, may also be beneficial to help individuals with ADHD navigate their daily lives.

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ADHD Assessment at BrightPath Neuro Assessments

At BrightPath Neuro Assessments, we provide comprehensive ADHD assessments for both children and adults. Our approach follows NICE guidelines, and we use advanced tools, including the Conners and Browns rating scales and QB tests, to ensure an accurate diagnosis. With same-day assessments available in most cases, we help individuals understand their ADHD and support them in finding the right strategies for their unique needs.

If you think you or your child may have ADHD, contact us at BrightPath Neuro Assessments to book an appointment today. Let’s navigate neurodiversity, together.